What term refers to figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, and irony?

The term that refers to figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, and irony is "tropes." Tropes encompass various rhetorical devices that take words and phrases beyond their literal meaning to convey a different, often deeper significance. This can include comparisons, substitutions, or exaggerations that enrich language and enhance the impact of communication.

Using metaphors, for example, allows speakers to draw parallels between unlike concepts, making abstract ideas more relatable. Similes employ "like" or "as" to create similar comparisons, while irony conveys a meaning that is opposite to or different from what is expected. Understanding tropes is essential for effective public speaking, as they can engage the audience and add depth to the speaker's message.

The other terms, while relevant in language and communication, do not specifically encompass this subset of rhetorical figures. "Figures of thought," for instance, refers more broadly to conceptual ideas and logical reasoning rather than specifically to the stylistic elements of language. "Expressions" is a general term encompassing various forms of communication but lacks the specificity tied to rhetorical devices. "Imagery," while related to the vivid depiction of experiences or emotions, focuses more on creating mental pictures rather than the broader category of figures of speech like tropes do.