What is the process of studying an audience before, during, and after a speech called?

The correct answer is audience analysis, which refers to the systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about the audience's characteristics, needs, and preferences before, during, and after a speech. This process is crucial for effective public speaking because it allows the speaker to tailor their message, style, and delivery to better resonate with the audience. Understanding demographic factors, interests, and knowledge levels helps in crafting content that engages the audience and meets their expectations.

Conducting audience analysis involves several steps, including assessing the audience's background and context concerning the speech topic. This assessment can influence how arguments are framed or what examples are used, ensuring that the speaker's message is both relevant and impactful. Additionally, gathering feedback post-speech can inform future presentations and improve overall communication skills. This process underscores the importance of audience engagement in public speaking, highlighting that the success of a speech is often contingent on how well the speaker understands their audience.